linux的VPS如何快速分区

学习NO.1

>在新手购买购买的云vps,由于处于数据保护机制,都会给客户准备2块硬盘,一块用来存放用户数据,一块用来存放系统,这样在后台选择重做系统之后,另外一个磁盘分区的数据就不会丢失了..所以在购买VPS之后,要手动将另外一块硬盘激活,于是乎,就有了这个如何启用分区的教程:
通过fdisk -l我们可以看到/dev/xvdb(此名称因系统而异)容量有23.6G，
而且没有分区，接下来我们对它进行分区和挂载
fdisk -l

[root@MyVPS ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/xvda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvda1   *           1          13      104391   83  linux/dev/xvda2              14        1044     8281507+  8e  Linux LVMDisk /dev/xvdb: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDevice Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

• [root@MyVPS ~]# fdisk -l
• Disk /dev/xvda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
• 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
• Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
• Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
• /dev/xvda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
• /dev/xvda2 14 1044 8281507+ 8e Linux LVM
• Disk /dev/xvdb: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes
• 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylinders
• Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
• Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
  

对/dev/xvdb(此名称因系统而异)进行分区：
fdisk /dev/xvdb

[root@MyVPS ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdbThe number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2871.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)输入n新建分区Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)p/dev/xvdb中第1个分区Partition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-2871, default 1):Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2871, default 2871):Using default value 2871输入W保存退出Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.

• [root@MyVPS ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
• The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2871.
• There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
• and could in certain setups cause problems with:
• 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
• 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
• (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
• 输入n新建分区
• Command (m for help): n
• Command action
• e extended
• p primary partition (1-4)
• p
• /dev/xvdb中第1个分区
• Partition number (1-4): 1
• First cylinder (1-2871, default 1):
• Using default value 1
• Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2871, default 2871):
• Using default value 2871
• 输入W保存退出
• Command (m for help): w
• The partition table has been altered!
• Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
• Syncing disks.
  

将新分区xvdb1(此名称因系统而异)格式化为ext3格式

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdb1

[root@MyVPS ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdb1mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)2883584 inodes, 5765319 blocks288265 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296176 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group16384 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,        4096000Writing inode tables: doneCreating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

• [root@MyVPS ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdb1
• mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
• Filesystem label=
• OS type: Linux
• Block size=4096 (log=2)
• Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
• 2883584 inodes, 5765319 blocks
• 288265 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
• First data block=0
• Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
• 176 block groups
• 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
• 16384 inodes per group
• Superblock backups stored on blocks:
• 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
• 4096000
• Writing inode tables: done
• Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
• Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
• This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
• 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
  

我们示范将新分区xvdb1挂载到目录/home
因为home已经存在，所以我们挂载
mount /dev/xvdb1 /home
如果你需要挂载在别的目录.可以新建一个目录挂载.如:home1,使用如下命令:
mkdir /home1 mount /dev/xvdb1 /home1
完成后我们通过df -hal可以看到，新分区已经挂载到目录/home上了

    [root@MyVPS ~]# df -hal    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on    /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00                          5.7G  1.4G  4.1G  25% /    proc                     0     0     0   -  /proc    sysfs                    0     0     0   -  /sys    devpts                   0     0     0   -  /dev/pts    /dev/xvda1             99M   28M   67M  30% /boot    tmpfs                 256M     0  256M   0% /dev/shm    none                     0     0     0   -  /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc    sunrpc                   0     0     0   -  /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs    /dev/xvdb1             22G  173M   21G   1% /home

• [root@MyVPS ~]# df -hal
• Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
• /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
• 5.7G 1.4G 4.1G 25% /
• proc 0 0 0 - /proc
• sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys
• devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts
• /dev/xvda1 99M 28M 67M 30% /boot
• tmpfs 256M 0 256M 0% /dev/shm
• none 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
• sunrpc 0 0 0 - /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
• /dev/xvdb1 22G 173M 21G 1% /home
  

最后添加开机自动挂载：

echo "/dev/xvdb1 /home ext3 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab
这样就完成了！
通过后台控制系统重做系统之后,只需要重新挂载一次即可
mount /dev/xvdb1 /home
最后，重新添加自动挂载即可：
echo "/dev/xvdb1 /home ext3 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab

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